{"id":1032,"date":"2022-04-19T15:31:37","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T14:31:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/?page_id=1032"},"modified":"2024-06-04T15:12:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T14:12:29","slug":"c4-modal-3-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/ceumannan-4\/c4-modalan\/c4-modal-3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"C4 &#8211; Modal 3.2"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-1032\" data-postid=\"1032\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-1032 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-desktop-padding=\"40px,40px\" data-css_id=\"821u491\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row c4-cyan fullwidth_row_container tb_821u491 tb_first tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-2 tb_in8l491 first\">\n                    <!-- module post -->\n<div  class=\"module module-post tb_sh4s788 \">\n    <div  class=\"builder-posts-wrap loops-wrapper modules list-post classic tf_clear tf_clearfix\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <article id=\"post-55\" class=\"post tf_clearfix post-55 modules type-modules status-publish hentry ceumannan_modules-c4 ceumannan_modules-c4-m3 ceumannan_modules-c4-m3-2 no-post-title no-post-date has-post-category has-post-tag has-post-comment has-post-author \">\n\t    \n\t\t<div class=\"post-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"post-content-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"entry-content\">\n\n                                        <!--themify_builder_content-->\n    <div  class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-55 themify_builder not_editable_builder in_the_loop\" data-postid=\"55\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_wk0z841 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_s0m0844 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a7d5371   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h1>Modal 3 Aonad 2<\/h1>\n<h2>A-mach gu biadh<\/h2>\n<p>Eating out. Food and health.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module tab -->\n<div  id=\"tb_1gix950\" class=\"module ui module-tab tb_1gix950 tab-frame rounded tb_default_color \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"tab-nav-current-active tf_hide\">\n\t\t<span class=\"tab_burger_icon_wrap\">\n\t        <span class=\"tab_burger_icon tf_rel\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n        <span class=\"tb_activetab_title\">\n            <span class=\"tb_tab_title\">Earrannan \u00e8isteachd<\/span>\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <ul class=\"tab-nav tf_clearfix tf_scrollbar\">\n                <li class=\"current\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n            <a href=\"#tab-tb_1gix950-0\">\n                                <span class=\"tb_tab_title\">Earrannan \u00e8isteachd<\/span>                                            <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n                <li aria-expanded=\"false\">\n            <a href=\"#tab-tb_1gix950-1\">\n                                <span class=\"tb_tab_title\">Bhidio<\/span>                                            <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n                <li aria-expanded=\"false\">\n            <a href=\"#tab-tb_1gix950-2\">\n                                <span class=\"tb_tab_title\">Freagairtean<\/span>                                            <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n            <div data-id=\"tab-tb_1gix950-0\" class=\"tab-content tf_clear\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n                            <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n                    <h3>Listening extracts for Aonad 2<\/h3>\n<p><iframe data-src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/6170327&amp;color=%23ff5500&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=false&amp;show_comments=false&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;show_teaser=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc; line-break: anywhere; word-break: normal; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif; font-weight: 100;\"><a style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" title=\"St\u00f2rlann\" href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/storlann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St\u00f2rlann<\/a> \u00b7 <a style=\"color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;\" title=\"ceumannan4-modal-3-aonad-2\" href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/storlann\/sets\/ceumannan4-modal-3-aonad-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ceumannan4-modal-3-aonad-2<\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div data-id=\"tab-tb_1gix950-1\" class=\"tab-content tf_clear\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n                    <h4>Video<\/h4>\n<div class=\"js-video [vimeo, widescreen]\">\n<p><iframe data-src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/86102560\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/vimeo.com\/86102560\">Ceumannan Modal 3 Aonad 2 Drama<\/a> from <a href=\"\/\/vimeo.com\/storlann\">St\u00f2rlann N\u00e0iseanta na G\u00e0dhlig<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br><br><\/p>\n<div class=\"js-video [vimeo, widescreen]\">\n<p><iframe data-src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/86435732\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/vimeo.com\/86102560\">Ceumannan Modal 3 Aonad 2 Drama<\/a> from <a href=\"\/\/vimeo.com\/storlann\">St\u00f2rlann N\u00e0iseanta na G\u00e0dhlig<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div data-id=\"tab-tb_1gix950-2\" class=\"tab-content tf_clear\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <div class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n                    <h3>Answers<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/C-4-3-2-Freagairtean.pdf\">C-4-3-2-Freagairtean<\/a> (PDF)<\/p>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module tab -->\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->            \n        <\/div><!-- \/.entry-content -->\n        \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- \/.post-content-inner -->\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/.post-content -->\n\t\n<\/article>\n<!-- \/.post -->\n    <\/div><!-- .builder-posts-wrap -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- \/module post -->\n            <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_y6qq657 last\">\n                    <!-- module template_part -->\n<div  class=\"module module-layout-part tb_bdw2739 \">\n    <div class=\"tb_layout_part_wrap tf_w\"><!--themify_builder_content-->\n    <div  class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-4412 themify_builder not_editable_builder in_the_loop\" data-postid=\"4412\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_r61m069 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        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data-feed=\"1\" data-ctfintents=\"1\" data-ctfneeded=\"-100\">\n\t\n    \n<div class=\"ctf-header ctf-no-bio\" style=\"##\" >\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/anseotal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" title=\"@anseotal\" class=\"ctf-header-link\">\n        <div class=\"ctf-header-text\">\n            <p class=\"ctf-header-user\">\n                <span class=\"ctf-header-name\">An Seotal<\/span>\n                <span class=\"ctf-verified\"><\/span>\n                <span class=\"ctf-header-follow\">Follow<\/span>\n                <span class=\"ctf-header-counts\">\n                    <span class=\"ctf-header-tweets-count\" title=\"859 Posts\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M21.1161 6.27344H24.2289L17.4284 14.0459L25.4286 24.6225H19.1645L14.2583 18.2079L8.6444 24.6225H5.52976L12.8035 16.309L5.12891 6.27344H11.552L15.9868 12.1367L21.1161 6.27344ZM20.0236 22.7594H21.7484L10.6148 8.03871H8.7639L20.0236 22.7594Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>859\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"ctf-header-followers\"  title=\"1,587 Followers\"><svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-user fa-w-16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"followers\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"user\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M96 160C96 71.634 167.635 0 256 0s160 71.634 160 160-71.635 160-160 160S96 248.366 96 160zm304 192h-28.556c-71.006 42.713-159.912 42.695-230.888 0H112C50.144 352 0 402.144 0 464v24c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h464c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24v-24c0-61.856-50.144-112-112-112z\"><\/path><\/svg>1,587<\/span>\n                <\/span>\n            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"ctf-header-bio\"  >\n                    The Gaelic online terminology database for education                <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n        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0l2.22-2.22V16.7c0 2.068 1.683 3.75 3.75 3.75h5.85c.414 0 .75-.336.75-.75s-.337-.75-.75-.75z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"ctf-screenreader\">Retweet on Twitter<\/span><\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/anseotal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ctf-retweet-text\">An Seotal Retweeted<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ctf-author-box\">\n    <div class=\"ctf-author-box-link\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esgoil\" class=\"ctf-author-avatar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/plugins\/custom-twitter-feeds-pro\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"eSgoil avatar\" data-avatar=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/1624043690976051204\/laBdYEDm_normal.jpg\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 48px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 48\/48;\">\n                <\/a>\n            \n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esgoil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ctf-author-name\">e-Sgoil<\/a>\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esgoil\" class=\"ctf-author-screenname\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">@eSgoil<\/a>\n                    \n        \t\t                    <span class=\"ctf-screename-sep\" >&middot;<\/span>\n\t                    <div class=\"ctf-tweet-meta\" >\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esgoil\/status\/2043683164908900623\" class=\"ctf-tweet-date\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">13 Apr <span class=\"ctf-screenreader\"> 2043683164908900623<\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ctf-corner-logo\" >\n            <svg width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M21.1161 6.27344H24.2289L17.4284 14.0459L25.4286 24.6225H19.1645L14.2583 18.2079L8.6444 24.6225H5.52976L12.8035 16.309L5.12891 6.27344H11.552L15.9868 12.1367L21.1161 6.27344ZM20.0236 22.7594H21.7484L10.6148 8.03871H8.7639L20.0236 22.7594Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ctf-tweet-content\">\n        \t\t\t\t<p class=\"ctf-tweet-text\">We ran a very successful Easter Study Support programme last week with over 13000 learner attendances across the 5 days. There's still time to sign up to access the remaining live Evening Study Support webinars noted below  https:\/\/www.e-sgoil.com\/senior-phase\/study-support\/<br \/>\n#NeLO <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n        \n<div class=\"ctf-tweet-media\"  data-available-images=\"[{&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/pbs.twimg.com\\\/media\\\/HFyfAN9b0AAz8hB.jpg:thumb&quot;,&quot;680&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/pbs.twimg.com\\\/media\\\/HFyfAN9b0AAz8hB.jpg:small&quot;,&quot;1200&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/pbs.twimg.com\\\/media\\\/HFyfAN9b0AAz8hB.jpg:large&quot;}]\" >\n    \n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sb-twitter-feed-images\/2043969628343280126-0-800.jpg\" class=\"ctf-lightbox-link ctf-image lazyload\" data-title=\"We ran a very successful Easter Study Support programme last week with over 13000 learner attendances across the 5 days. 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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module plain text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content--><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module template_part -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row c4-cyan section-2 tb_5dxn496 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-2 tb_807i496 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1ih3712   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h1>Cultar<\/h1>\n<h2>Clann-nighean an sgadain<\/h2>\n<p>Clann-nighean an sgadain (the herring girls) were the women who worked in the herring fishing industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s; gutting, salting and packing the catch as it was landed in all the major herring ports round Britain.<\/p>\n<p>Around 1914, the herring industry was booming. Scotland was exporting around 2.5 million barrels of sgadan saillte (salt herring) a year, making its fishing industry the largest in Europe.<\/p>\n<p>Stornoway was one of the largest herring ports in Britain at that time.<\/p>\n<p>In 1914, 20% of the population of Lewis worked at the herring.<\/p>\n<p>Three thousand of those were women \u2013 some as young as fifteen. It is said that of all the girls working as cutairean (gutters) around Britain, the women of Lewis were thought to be the best workers.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cnan tr\u00e0illean aig ci\u00f9rairean cutach\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Before the season began each year, ci\u00f9rairean (curers) would choose a team of skilled cutairean they wanted to work for them.<\/p>\n<p>These women would be given a down-payment called an \u00e0irleas to secure them for labour for the season.<\/p>\n<p>The girls always worked in teams of three \u2013 two cutairean and a packer and it was the responsibility of those women paid an \u00e0irleas to recruit the other two members of her team.<\/p>\n<p>A skilled team could gut and pack 21,000 herring during a ten hour shift.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_n7vu947 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran.jpeg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4961 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring being filleted\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran-300x168.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran-768x430.jpeg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/448;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p0bt286   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>\u201cThall \u2019s a-bhos air Galltachd \u2019s an Sasainn\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Each herring season, girls would \u2018travel the herring\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>They would travel huge distances round the coast of Britain, following the migrating shoal.<\/p>\n<p>This meant they were away from their homes and families for months at a time.<\/p>\n<p>When they went away, each girl would take with her a few items of clothing and personal possessions, bedding and the crockery and cultlery she would need for meal times.<\/p>\n<p>This would be carried in a ciste (a wooden chest). Whilst the women were away, they would live in basic little wooden shacks near the dock, sharing with up to five other girls.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cgaoth na mara geur air an craiceann\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Teams would be expected to be on hand the minute the fish was landed by the boats.<\/p>\n<p>This sometimes meant long hours waiting around (unpaid) on the cold and blustery dockside.<\/p>\n<p>To pass the time while they were waiting for the boats the women would chat, sing songs and knit.<\/p>\n<p>When they were working, they would wear an oilskin apron and big rubber or leather boots to protect their clothes and feet.<\/p>\n<p>A headscarf would prevent some of the fish scales and salt from getting into their hair and a woolen shawl kept out some of the cold.<\/p>\n<p>Surprisingly, they didn\u2019t have any gloves to protect their hands from the gutting knife and this often left them with painful cuts and wounds on their hands that were made worse by the frequent exposure to icy cold water and salt.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cna miaran cruinne, goirid a dh\u00e8anadh giullachd\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>When the herring was landed, it was poured into a f\u00e0rlain (a big wooden trough) with water and plenty of rough salt.<\/p>\n<p>The women would stand over this, poised with a cutag (a sharp gutting knife), ready to start work.<\/p>\n<p>As they gutted, they would throw the fish intestines into a gut basket, and simultaneously assess the size and grading of each fish, throwing it into the appropriate basket behind them, ready for the packer.<\/p>\n<p>The girls were so used to their work, they could almost do it blindfold. An average cutair could gut and sort around 40 herring a minute, but the most experienced ones could manage up to double that amount.<\/p>\n<p>Because herring is an oily fish, it had to be cured with salt as quickly as possible to prevent it from rotting.<\/p>\n<p>Apart from this, the salt had an additional benefit. It made the gutters\u2019 job easier because the coarse salt made the fish less slippery to handle.<\/p>\n<p>In an effort to protect their hands, the women wrapped cotton rags tightly around their fingers. But, working quickly with slippery fish and a razor sharp cutag meant that nasty cuts were sometimes inevitable.<\/p>\n<p>Working elbow deep in wet salty fish meant that the smallest of nicks would be very painful and slow to heal, so they had to be extremely careful.<\/p>\n<p>Not only were their hands uncomfortable, but if they were too damaged to work, they and their team would suffer loss of wages as a result.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_veqf459 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"374\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran.png\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4966 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring filleters\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran.png 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-300x187.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/374;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_svoi902   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>\u201cna m\u00ecltean bharaillean ud\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>The tallest girl of each team would be assigned as the pacair (packer).<\/p>\n<p>She had to be tall enough to bend over into the barrel and reach the bottom of it. The fish had to be packed in layers, tightly and very precisely \u2013 belly facing upwards.<\/p>\n<p>The packers were supervised by c\u00f9bairean (coopers) who kept a watchful eye on how the work was done.<\/p>\n<p>When a girl completed the first layer of fish in the bottom of the barrel, she would shout for the c\u00f9bair. If he was happy with the layer, she would then add a layer of coarse salt to cover the fish before beginning the next tier.<\/p>\n<p>When a barrel was filled, this was called a\u2019 chiad l\u00econadh (the first filling). It would then be rolled on its side, and left for about ten days or so, to allow the herring to settle.<\/p>\n<p>After that, it was time for an t-ath l\u00econadh (the next filling). The picil (pickle\/brine) was drained from the barrel and more fish added to it. The saved picil would then be poured back in.<\/p>\n<p>An treas l\u00econadh (the third, and last, filling) finally filled the barrel to the brim. It would then be sealed and branded with the date and the packer\u2019s identity number, ready for shipping.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1bl3673 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"374\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1.png\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4969 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring workers\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1.png 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1-300x187.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/374;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uaxe948   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>\u201cBu shaillte an duais a th\u00e0rr iad\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>There is little doubt the herring girls\u2019 work was laborious and repetitive.<\/p>\n<p>They worked long hours, six days a week, separated from their families for long periods of time and for poor pay.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike many jobs today, the gutting team would be paid by the barrel, not by the hour.<\/p>\n<p>The payment was split between each member of the team.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the faster the girls worked the more wages they received. Teams in Stornoway in the 1930s were paid around one shilling per barrel. Girls in their first year at the herring were called cuibhlearan (coilers).<\/p>\n<p>They were paid less than the more experienced girls.<\/p>\n<p>But it didn\u2019t take them long to learn their trade. By the time they had completed one season, they would be fully familiar with the work and able to earn as much as the others.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cAn g\u00e0ire mar chraiteachan salainn\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Hard as the work was, the herring girls were well-known for their good spirits, wit and humour. There was always plenty of fun and banter amongst them. They would often sing \u00f2rain obrach (working songs) together to pass the time and there was certainly no shortage of fun when they did get some time off.<\/p>\n<h3>A\u2019 tilleadh Dh\u00e0chaigh<\/h3>\n<p>Families at home would very much look forward to the girls coming back from the herring.<\/p>\n<p>Each girl would arrive home with her ciste full of presents of things that were expensive to buy and difficult to get in Lewis. Here two of the girls talk about what they would take home.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jequ53  fullcover \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"nancys-hand\" style=\"font-size: 1.75em; line-height: 1.25em;\">\n<p>\u201cBhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh t\u00f2rr phreusantan gu na c\u00e0irdean \u2019s dh\u2019fheumadh sinn sin &#8211; blobhsaichean br\u00e8agha a chitheadh sinn ann am b\u00f9th: h-abair gum biodh sinn spaideil an uair a thigeadh sinn Dh\u00e0chaigh. Bhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh t\u00f2rr shoithichean, \u2019s bha iad cho saor. Bhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh leth-dusan cupan \u2019s leth-dusan truinnsear an-c\u00f2mhnaidh, mil-poit \u2019s bobhla. Bha e cho saor ann an siud a bharrachd air Ste\u00f2rnabhagh.\u201d* \u201cBhiodh sinn a\u2019 ceannach ornaments agus aodach, curtains, aodach leapa, c\u00e8ic mh\u00f2r cuideachd agus botal f\u00econ agus jar m\u00f2r jam.\u201d*<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>*\u00c0s an leabhar Clann-nighean an Sgadain le Tormod Calum D\u00f2mhnallach agus Leslie Davenport (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acairbooks.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acair Earranta<\/a>, 1987).<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3twe712 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1043\" height=\"222\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring.png\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4973 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of a Herring\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring.png 1043w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-1024x218.png 1024w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-768x163.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1043px) 100vw, 1043px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1043px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1043\/222;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_vlbq679 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4zdj397 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN.jpeg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4990 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring workers\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN-300x224.jpeg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/448;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bq58646  fullcover \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"nancys-hand\">\n<p>An g\u00e0ire mar chraiteachan salainn<\/p>\n<p>ga fhroiseadh bho \u2019m bial<\/p>\n<p>an s\u00e0l \u2019s am picil air an teanga,<\/p>\n<p>\u2019s na meuran cruinne, goirid a dh\u00e8anadh giullachd,<\/p>\n<p>no a thogadh leanabh gu socair, cuimir,<\/p>\n<p>seasgair, fallain,<\/p>\n<p>gun mhearachd,<\/p>\n<p>\u2019s na s\u00f9ilean cho domhainn ri f\u00e8ath.<\/p>\n<p>bho Clann-nighean an sgadain le Ruaraidh MacTh\u00f2mais<\/p>\n<p>Their laughter like a sprinkling of salt<\/p>\n<p>showered from their lips,<\/p>\n<p>brine and pickle on their tongues,<\/p>\n<p>and the stubby short fingers that could handle fish,<\/p>\n<p>or lift a child gently, neatly,<\/p>\n<p>safely, wholesomely, unerringly,<\/p>\n<p>and the eyes that were as deep as a calm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_95oc677 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"519\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway.png\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4995 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring Girl Statue\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway.png 335w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway-194x300.png 194w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 335px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 335\/519;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5d7m134 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"407\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque.jpeg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4997 lazyload\" alt=\"Picture of Herring Girl plaque\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque-300x204.jpeg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/407;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fte1960  fullcover \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"nancys-hand\">\n<p>There are sayings &#8216;Cho coltach ris an d\u00e0 sgadan&#8217; and &#8216;Cho marbh ri sgadan&#8217;. Do you know what they mean? What do you call a smoked herring?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring.png\" alt=\"Picture of two herring\" width=\"400\" height=\"281\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4999 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring.png 400w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring-300x211.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/281;\" \/><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_18m5614 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"387\" height=\"329\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2.png\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-5008 lazyload\" title=\"kipper2\" alt=\"Picture of a Kipper\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2.png 387w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2-300x255.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 387px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 387\/329;\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lddd289  no-repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Some useful links&#8230;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"nancys-hand\">\n<p>Tobar an Dualchais<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/track\/86898?l=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1. A humorous song about the benefits of eating salt herring and potatoes.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/en\/fullrecord\/24536\/8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2. How herring fishing started in Skye. At one time, the only fishing in Skye was from a &#8216;cairidh&#8217; (weir) such as one in Snizort.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/en\/fullrecord\/35849\/16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3. A&#8217; mhaighdeann-mhara &#8211; The mermaid.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.tobarandualchais.co.uk<\/a> yourself and search for &#8216;herring&#8217; and you&#8217;ll find lots of interesting audio files.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotfishmuseum.org\/the-herring-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scottish Fisheries Museum<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seafoodscotland.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seafood Scotland<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scran.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SCRAN<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ambaile.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Am Baile<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jamieoliver.com\/recipes\/member-recipes\/recipe-detail\/3477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jamie Oliver Recipe (Go on, impress the Eaconamas Dachaigh teacher!)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5010 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"180\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration.png 475w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration-300x114.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 475px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 475\/180;\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cultar Clann-nighean an sgadain Clann-nighean an sgadain (the herring girls) were the women who worked in the herring fishing industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s; gutting, salting and packing the catch as it was landed in all the major herring ports round Britain. Around 1914, the herring industry was booming. Scotland was exporting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5822,"parent":597,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"class_list":["post-1032","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leabhar-4","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<h1>Cultar<\/h1> <h2>Clann-nighean an sgadain<\/h2> <p>Clann-nighean an sgadain (the herring girls) were the women who worked in the herring fishing industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s; gutting, salting and packing the catch as it was landed in all the major herring ports round Britain.<\/p> <p>Around 1914, the herring industry was booming. Scotland was exporting around 2.5 million barrels of sgadan saillte (salt herring) a year, making its fishing industry the largest in Europe.<\/p> <p>Stornoway was one of the largest herring ports in Britain at that time.<\/p> <p>In 1914, 20% of the population of Lewis worked at the herring.<\/p> <p>Three thousand of those were women \u2013 some as young as fifteen. It is said that of all the girls working as cutairean (gutters) around Britain, the women of Lewis were thought to be the best workers.<\/p> <h3>\u201cnan tr\u00e0illean aig ci\u00f9rairean cutach\u201d<\/h3> <p>Before the season began each year, ci\u00f9rairean (curers) would choose a team of skilled cutairean they wanted to work for them.<\/p> <p>These women would be given a down-payment called an \u00e0irleas to secure them for labour for the season.<\/p> <p>The girls always worked in teams of three \u2013 two cutairean and a packer and it was the responsibility of those women paid an \u00e0irleas to recruit the other two members of her team.<\/p> <p>A skilled team could gut and pack 21,000 herring during a ten hour shift.<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran.jpeg\" alt=\"Picture of Herring being filleted\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran-300x168.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-845-R-scran-768x430.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\n<h3>\u201cThall \u2019s a-bhos air Galltachd \u2019s an Sasainn\u201d<\/h3> <p>Each herring season, girls would \u2018travel the herring\u2019.<\/p> <p>They would travel huge distances round the coast of Britain, following the migrating shoal.<\/p> <p>This meant they were away from their homes and families for months at a time.<\/p> <p>When they went away, each girl would take with her a few items of clothing and personal possessions, bedding and the crockery and cultlery she would need for meal times.<\/p> <p>This would be carried in a ciste (a wooden chest). Whilst the women were away, they would live in basic little wooden shacks near the dock, sharing with up to five other girls.<\/p> <h3>\u201cgaoth na mara geur air an craiceann\u201d<\/h3> <p>Teams would be expected to be on hand the minute the fish was landed by the boats.<\/p> <p>This sometimes meant long hours waiting around (unpaid) on the cold and blustery dockside.<\/p> <p>To pass the time while they were waiting for the boats the women would chat, sing songs and knit.<\/p> <p>When they were working, they would wear an oilskin apron and big rubber or leather boots to protect their clothes and feet.<\/p> <p>A headscarf would prevent some of the fish scales and salt from getting into their hair and a woolen shawl kept out some of the cold.<\/p> <p>Surprisingly, they didn\u2019t have any gloves to protect their hands from the gutting knife and this often left them with painful cuts and wounds on their hands that were made worse by the frequent exposure to icy cold water and salt.<\/p> <h3>\u201cna miaran cruinne, goirid a dh\u00e8anadh giullachd\u201d<\/h3> <p>When the herring was landed, it was poured into a f\u00e0rlain (a big wooden trough) with water and plenty of rough salt.<\/p> <p>The women would stand over this, poised with a cutag (a sharp gutting knife), ready to start work.<\/p> <p>As they gutted, they would throw the fish intestines into a gut basket, and simultaneously assess the size and grading of each fish, throwing it into the appropriate basket behind them, ready for the packer.<\/p> <p>The girls were so used to their work, they could almost do it blindfold. An average cutair could gut and sort around 40 herring a minute, but the most experienced ones could manage up to double that amount.<\/p> <p>Because herring is an oily fish, it had to be cured with salt as quickly as possible to prevent it from rotting.<\/p> <p>Apart from this, the salt had an additional benefit. It made the gutters\u2019 job easier because the coarse salt made the fish less slippery to handle.<\/p> <p>In an effort to protect their hands, the women wrapped cotton rags tightly around their fingers. But, working quickly with slippery fish and a razor sharp cutag meant that nasty cuts were sometimes inevitable.<\/p> <p>Working elbow deep in wet salty fish meant that the smallest of nicks would be very painful and slow to heal, so they had to be extremely careful.<\/p> <p>Not only were their hands uncomfortable, but if they were too damaged to work, they and their team would suffer loss of wages as a result.<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran.png\" alt=\"Picture of Herring filleters\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran.png 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-300x187.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\n<h3>\u201cna m\u00ecltean bharaillean ud\u201d<\/h3> <p>The tallest girl of each team would be assigned as the pacair (packer).<\/p> <p>She had to be tall enough to bend over into the barrel and reach the bottom of it. The fish had to be packed in layers, tightly and very precisely \u2013 belly facing upwards.<\/p> <p>The packers were supervised by c\u00f9bairean (coopers) who kept a watchful eye on how the work was done.<\/p> <p>When a girl completed the first layer of fish in the bottom of the barrel, she would shout for the c\u00f9bair. If he was happy with the layer, she would then add a layer of coarse salt to cover the fish before beginning the next tier.<\/p> <p>When a barrel was filled, this was called a\u2019 chiad l\u00econadh (the first filling). It would then be rolled on its side, and left for about ten days or so, to allow the herring to settle.<\/p> <p>After that, it was time for an t-ath l\u00econadh (the next filling). The picil (pickle\/brine) was drained from the barrel and more fish added to it. The saved picil would then be poured back in.<\/p> <p>An treas l\u00econadh (the third, and last, filling) finally filled the barrel to the brim. It would then be sealed and branded with the date and the packer\u2019s identity number, ready for shipping.<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1.png\" alt=\"Picture of Herring workers\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1.png 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-467-577-R-copyright-scran-1-300x187.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\n<h3>\u201cBu shaillte an duais a th\u00e0rr iad\u201d<\/h3> <p>There is little doubt the herring girls\u2019 work was laborious and repetitive.<\/p> <p>They worked long hours, six days a week, separated from their families for long periods of time and for poor pay.<\/p> <p>Unlike many jobs today, the gutting team would be paid by the barrel, not by the hour.<\/p> <p>The payment was split between each member of the team.<\/p> <p>Therefore, the faster the girls worked the more wages they received. Teams in Stornoway in the 1930s were paid around one shilling per barrel. Girls in their first year at the herring were called cuibhlearan (coilers).<\/p> <p>They were paid less than the more experienced girls.<\/p> <p>But it didn\u2019t take them long to learn their trade. By the time they had completed one season, they would be fully familiar with the work and able to earn as much as the others.<\/p> <h3>\u201cAn g\u00e0ire mar chraiteachan salainn\u201d<\/h3> <p>Hard as the work was, the herring girls were well-known for their good spirits, wit and humour. There was always plenty of fun and banter amongst them. They would often sing \u00f2rain obrach (working songs) together to pass the time and there was certainly no shortage of fun when they did get some time off.<\/p> <h3>A\u2019 tilleadh Dh\u00e0chaigh<\/h3> <p>Families at home would very much look forward to the girls coming back from the herring.<\/p> <p>Each girl would arrive home with her ciste full of presents of things that were expensive to buy and difficult to get in Lewis. Here two of the girls talk about what they would take home.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh t\u00f2rr phreusantan gu na c\u00e0irdean \u2019s dh\u2019fheumadh sinn sin - blobhsaichean br\u00e8agha a chitheadh sinn ann am b\u00f9th: h-abair gum biodh sinn spaideil an uair a thigeadh sinn Dh\u00e0chaigh. Bhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh t\u00f2rr shoithichean, \u2019s bha iad cho saor. Bhiodh sinn ri toirt Dh\u00e0chaigh leth-dusan cupan \u2019s leth-dusan truinnsear an-c\u00f2mhnaidh, mil-poit \u2019s bobhla. Bha e cho saor ann an siud a bharrachd air Ste\u00f2rnabhagh.\u201d* \u201cBhiodh sinn a\u2019 ceannach ornaments agus aodach, curtains, aodach leapa, c\u00e8ic mh\u00f2r cuideachd agus botal f\u00econ agus jar m\u00f2r jam.\u201d*<\/p>\n<p>*\u00c0s an leabhar Clann-nighean an Sgadain le Tormod Calum D\u00f2mhnallach agus Leslie Davenport (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acairbooks.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acair Earranta<\/a>, 1987).<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring.png\" alt=\"Picture of a Herring\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring.png 1043w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-1024x218.png 1024w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-768x163.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1043px) 100vw, 1043px\" \/>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN.jpeg\" alt=\"Picture of Herring workers\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/000-000-504-803-R-SCRAN-300x224.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\n<p>An g\u00e0ire mar chraiteachan salainn<\/p> <p>ga fhroiseadh bho \u2019m bial<\/p> <p>an s\u00e0l \u2019s am picil air an teanga,<\/p> <p>\u2019s na meuran cruinne, goirid a dh\u00e8anadh giullachd,<\/p> <p>no a thogadh leanabh gu socair, cuimir,<\/p> <p>seasgair, fallain,<\/p> <p>gun mhearachd,<\/p> <p>\u2019s na s\u00f9ilean cho domhainn ri f\u00e8ath.<\/p> <p>bho Clann-nighean an sgadain le Ruaraidh MacTh\u00f2mais<\/p> <p>Their laughter like a sprinkling of salt<\/p> <p>showered from their lips,<\/p> <p>brine and pickle on their tongues,<\/p> <p>and the stubby short fingers that could handle fish,<\/p> <p>or lift a child gently, neatly,<\/p> <p>safely, wholesomely, unerringly,<\/p> <p>and the eyes that were as deep as a calm.<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway.png\" alt=\"Picture of Herring Girl Statue\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway.png 335w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-girl-statue-stornoway-194x300.png 194w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque.jpeg\" alt=\"Picture of Herring Girl plaque\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/stornoway-herring-girl-plaque-300x204.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\n<p>There are sayings 'Cho coltach ris an d\u00e0 sgadan' and 'Cho marbh ri sgadan'. Do you know what they mean? What do you call a smoked herring?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring.png\" alt=\"Picture of two herring\" width=\"400\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring.png 400w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/two-herring-300x211.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2.png\" title=\"kipper2\" alt=\"Picture of a Kipper\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2.png 387w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/kipper2-300x255.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\" \/>\n<h3>Some useful links...<\/h3>\n<p>Tobar an Dualchais<\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/track\/86898?l=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1. A humorous song about the benefits of eating salt herring and potatoes.<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/en\/fullrecord\/24536\/8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2. How herring fishing started in Skye. At one time, the only fishing in Skye was from a 'cairidh' (weir) such as one in Snizort.<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/en\/fullrecord\/35849\/16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3. A' mhaighdeann-mhara - The mermaid.<\/a><\/p> <p>Go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tobarandualchais.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.tobarandualchais.co.uk<\/a> yourself and search for 'herring' and you'll find lots of interesting audio files.<\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotfishmuseum.org\/the-herring-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scottish Fisheries Museum<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seafoodscotland.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seafood Scotland<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/scran.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SCRAN<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ambaile.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Am Baile<\/a><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jamieoliver.com\/recipes\/member-recipes\/recipe-detail\/3477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jamie Oliver Recipe (Go on, impress the Eaconamas Dachaigh teacher!)<\/a><\/p> <p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration.png 475w, https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/herring-illustration-300x114.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/p>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1032"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7390,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1032\/revisions\/7390"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/storlann.co.uk\/ceumannan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}